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CAPSTONE FINAL | 05/15/20

Cover Letter

While writing my Capstone project essay, I had a number of ideas that I wanted to convey, and initially I struggled to form an order for explaining my thought process. However, after outlining my information, all of my research from the previous months made filling in the details feel smooth and simple. I believe many people may initially struggle with the argument since it challenges our western materialistic desires, and I also redefine the concept of responsibility (not synonymous with being at fault for something). However, through my explanations, I hope to change the mindsets of my readers to be better suited for any personal or global challenges they face. Ultimately, I believe these values and mindsets that I introduce are powerful enough to change people’s lives (as Maria Popova might have said).

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A Life of Meaning

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To be happy, we must obtain more. We need bigger, better, more expensive things, and once we obtain them, we will feel recognized and worthy. Maybe we’ll buy a more expensive car or a bigger house or get the hard-earned job promotion that we’ve always strived towards. Unfortunately, these qualities of life are simply temporary means of satisfaction. The human mind, by nature, overtime feels dissatisfied with the initial rush of dopamine we feel from obtaining more -- this natural dissatisfaction, while seemingly destructive to our mental well-being, has played a crucial role in the advancement of human civilizations. It has incentivized us to continue changing and seeking out new ways to improve our lives. Without this natural dissatisfaction, we would never have upgraded from our hunter and gatherer lifestyles. Why begin farming without the dissatisfaction of potential starvation? Why upgrade to the iphone eleven without the dissatisfaction of taking shitty photos? Simply put, we are programmed to feel dissatisfied, and we’ll continue to feel dissatisfied to continue bettering ourselves. If we understand that overtime we’ll become dissatisfied with our possessions and achievements, then clearly it’s ridiculous to expect our long term happiness to stem from any item or single destination we may come to.

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I first stumbled upon this idea that our personal possessions wouldn’t bring long term happiness towards the beginning of 2020. Within a matter of days, I indulged myself in the practice of minimalism to see how a lack of personal possessions would affect my life. Minimalism has a multitude of interpretations and practices. Many instinctually view it as a cult of people sitting in an empty, white walled room with nothing but the skin on their backs. To say the least, this was not the minimalism that I experimented with.

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I took a less extreme approach to the philosophy and discarded everything that neither added any value to my life nor brought me happiness. I inspected every item I owned from my clothes to my furniture, to the bits and bobs I found stuffed in the depths of my drawers and backpack. Within a week, I had finished the emotionally intensive process of disposing of the majority of my possessions. At the end, I wasn’t overwhelmed with a sense of enlightenment, but I was left even more intrigued by the philosophy. What I found was that our personal possessions, in fact, don’t dictate our happiness, but neither did a lack of items. However, with the emotionally bearing presence of my unwanted items now gone, I realized that I could now focus my energy on building values that would guide me towards a more fulfilling livelihood. To live this more fulfilling life, we should not only ditch the western notion of obtaining more to feel happier, but we need to also replace that old, unsustainable mindset with three new, sustainable values of intentional living: learning to say no, understanding what lies within our control, and taking complete responsibility for everything we experience in life.

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    The most common choice we must make in our day-to-day lives is a yes or no decision -- to do something or not to do something. Saying “no” is commonly described to be negative, however, we must indirectly say no before acting on anything. Because by saying yes to one opportunity, we are choosing to spend our time in that moment not acting on another -- in other words, saying yes to one thing is simply saying no to others. It may seem grim and potentially paralyzing at first, but this concept is intended to help us slow down and think deeply about how we truly want to spend our time. By saying no, we may not actually be closing ourselves off to opportunities, but instead, opening the gates to experience something potentially more valuable. If I commit myself to becoming a school teacher, then I have closed the opportunity to work towards becoming an astronaut. Likewise, if I turn down becoming an astronaut, then I have opened up the opportunity to pursue another career. Of course, it loses its value if I were to say no to every opportunity I stumbled upon, but by understanding the importance of voluntary and active rejection, we will prevent ourselves from simply falling into spending our lives doing things that we were never truly passionate about. It’s okay to reject opportunities -- in fact, sometimes we forget that it can actually benefit us greatly to avoid spending time with the wrong people, pursuing the wrong job, or practicing the wrong values. Ultimately, saying no allows us to actively choose the best opportunities and find control within the decisions we make.

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This control can grant us mental security, but a lack of understanding of our control will present mental chaos. When broken down, it’s evident that we don’t have control over many things: we don’t choose where we’re born, we don’t choose our parents, our race, ethnicity, or when a global pandemic decides to wreak havoc on social and economic norms. So if we truly have zero control over any of these life defining traits and circumstances, why should we fight them? Why waste our time and energy feeling angry or lashing out on others when our actions cannot affect the very nature of the situation? The first step to feeling more in control of life, ironically, is to accept what lies outside of our control. Once we do that, only then can we begin focusing our energy towards exploiting the one thing that always remains within our control and can grant each and everyone of us power if used correctly: our mind.

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    Understanding that our mind is the only thing within our control is crucial to obtaining mental security and long term contentment. If we stop stressing over what lies outside of our control, we can use our mind to proactively act to improve our well-being. Let’s take the current social distancing protocols instituted around the world -- it’s beyond our control that these restrictions are in place, but what is within our power is our outlook and attitude. By actively choosing our mindsets, we can alleviate ourselves from the victim mentality that this pandemic is happening to us. Instead, we can choose how to view the situation, how to adapt, and how to act because of it. In other words, we can choose to take responsibility for the situation.

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    By no means am I suggesting that you (individually or collectively) are responsible for the coronavirus, but in the same way that a judge is responsible for determining the outcome of a crime (one that he/she did not commit), we are responsible for how we respond to situations that lie beyond our control. Because being responsible for a circumstance isn’t to say you are at fault for it. Fault refers strictly to past actions while responsibility refers to future ones. Knowing that we are always in control of our mind, we can choose to have a positive outlook on any situation we may face and then assume responsibility for how we deal with it.

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Let’s continue using the coronavirus as an example. We are not at fault for the spread of the virus, but we are responsible for choosing how to respond to it. For the people who recognize that they are actively choosing how to respond rather than becoming a victim to the situation, they will overall feel happier since they are taking responsibility for their actions, and thus, finding control within a situation that may otherwise seem impossible to handle. Although it’s not ideal for anyone to lock themselves away in their homes for months at a time, the people who recognize that they are actively choosing to stay at home versus the ones who victimize themselves (“This pandemic is ruining my life!”) will feel more at ease and content with quarantining or social distancing since they were the ones to make the decision. 

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This applies to any and every situation. Unhappy with a relationship you’re in? Actively choose to deal with toxicity, end the relationship, or find a way to work things out with your partner. The impending doom of climate change is driving you insane? To a large degree, this remains outside of your control, so it’s best to accept the fact that it exists and that it will be a part of your life. But after accepting the very nature of the situation, take responsibility for it! Choose how you want to respond: you can do nothing and let the world burn, you can change your eating habits, clean beaches, or even protest school to raise awareness (I’m looking at you Greta Thunberg). Regardless of the options we choose in any given circumstance, recognizing what lies within our control and taking responsibility for our actions ultimately grants us the confidence and mental security needed to endure anything thrown at us.

 

The problem isn’t that your house isn’t big enough, your spouse isn’t attractive enough, or that your job isn’t prestigious enough. Instead, it’s our values that are flawed. While a bigger house or a shinier diamond ring may be what we desire in the moment, these materialistic cravings will inevitably fall flat from our human instinct to feel dissatisfied. Our values of saying  no, finding control, and taking responsibility, on the other hand, will last a lifetime.

(1553 words)

CAPSTONE DRAFT | 05/08/20

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To be happy, we must obtain more. We need bigger, better, more expensive things, and once we obtain them, we will feel recognized and worthy. Maybe we’ll buy a more expensive car or a bigger house or get the hard-earned job promotion that we’ve always strived towards. Unfortunately, these qualities of life are simply temporary means of satisfaction. The human mind, by nature, overtime feels dissatisfied with the initial rush of dopamine we feel from obtaining more -- this natural dissatisfaction, while seemingly destructive to our mental well-being, has played a crucial role in the advancement of human civilizations. It incentivizes us to continue changing and seeking out new ways to improve our lives. Without it, we would never have upgraded from our hunter and gatherer lifestyles. Why begin farming without the dissatisfaction of your family starving? Why upgrade to the iphone ten without the dissatisfaction of taking shitty photos. Simply put, we are programmed to feel dissatisfied, and we’ll continue to feel dissatisfied to continue bettering ourselves.

​

Knowing that overtime we’ll become dissatisfied with our possessions and achievements, it’s ridiculous to expect our long term happiness to stem from any item or single destination we may come to. The problem isn’t that your house isn’t big enough or your spouse isn’t attractive enough or your job isn’t prestigious enough. Instead, it’s our values that are flawed. To permanently live a more fulfilling livelihood, we should ditch the western notion of obtaining more to live a happier life, and instead, we should form new, sustainable values of intentional living by understanding what lies within our control and by taking complete responsibility for everything we experience in life.

​

Control grants us mental security, but a lack of understanding of our control presents mental chaos. When broken down, it’s evident that we don’t have control over many things: we don’t choose where we’re born, we don’t choose our parents, our financial situation, race, ethnicity, or when a global pandemic decides to wreak havoc on social and economic norms. So if we truly have zero control over any of these life defining traits and circumstances, then why should we fight them? Why waste our time and energy feeling angry or lashing out on others when our actions cannot affect the very nature of the situation. The way to feel more in control of life, ironically, is simply to accept what lies outside of our control. Once we do that, only then can we begin focusing our energy towards exploiting the one thing that always remains within our control and can grant each and everyone of us power if used correctly: our mind.

​

Understanding that our mind is the only thing within our control is crucial to obtaining mental security and long term contentment. If we stop stressing over what lies outside of our control, we can use our mind to proactively act to improve our well-being. Let’s take the current social distancing protocols instituted around the world -- it’s beyond our control that these restrictions are in place, but what is within our power is our outlook and attitude. By actively choosing our mindsets, we can alleviate ourselves from the victim mentality that this pandemic is happening to us. Instead, we can choose how to view the situation, how to adapt, and how to act because of it. In other words, we can choose to take responsibility for the situation.

​

By no means am I suggesting that you (individually or collectively) are responsible for the coronavirus, but in the same way that a judge is responsible for determining the outcome of a crime (one that he/she did not commit), we are responsible for how we respond to situations that lie beyond our control. Because being responsible for a circumstance isn’t to say you are at fault for it. Fault refers strictly to past actions while responsibility refers to future ones. Knowing that we are always in control of our mind, we can choose to have a positive outlook on any situation we may face and then assume responsibility for how we deal with it.

​

Let’s continue using the coronavirus as an example. We are not at fault for the spread of the virus, but we are responsible for choosing how to respond to it. For the people who recognize that they are actively choosing how to respond rather than becoming a victim to the situation, they will overall feel happier since they are taking responsibility for their actions, and thus, finding control within a situation that may otherwise seem impossible to handle. Although it’s not ideal for anyone to lock themselves away in their homes for months at a time, the people who recognize that they are actively choosing to stay at home versus the ones who victimize themselves (“This pandemic is ruining my life!”) will feel more at ease and content with quarantining or social distancing since they were the ones to make the decision. 

​

This applies to any and every situation. Unhappy with a relationship you’re in? Actively choose to deal with toxicity, end the relationship, or find a way to work things out with your partner. The impending doom of climate change is driving you bonkers? To a large degree, this remains outside of your control, so it’s best to accept the fact that it exists and that it will be a part of your life. But after accepting the very nature of the situation, take responsibility for it! Choose how you want to respond: you can do nothing and let the world burn, you can change your eating habits, clean beaches, or even protest school to raise awareness (I’m looking at you Greta Thunberg). Whichever option we choose in any given circumstance, recognizing what we can control and taking responsibility for our actions ultimately grants us the confidence and mental security needed to endure anything thrown at us.

​

While a bigger house or a shinier diamond ring may be what we desire in the moment, these materialistic cravings will fall flat from our human instinct to feel dissatisfied. Our values of control and responsibility, on the other hand, will last a lifetime.

(1022 Words)

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Reflection 2 | 03/20/20

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography 02/14/20

So far, I have taken the largest step towards completing my written component of my project: completing the research. While I have not begun writing yet, I have all of the information needed to begin, so now all I need to do is compile my information into a cohesive argument. 

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While researching and developing my central question, I have narrowed my focus down from ‘mindfulness practices’ as a whole to the most important ideas that I want to focus -- obtaining an internal locus of control and taking complete responsibility for what one experiences in his/her life. In order to truly understand these ideas, I must first provide working definitions. 

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An internal locus of control is the belief that people have control over the outcome of the events in their lives, or conversely, the belief that the outcomes of your life are not simply ‘happening to you’ or that you have no control. Additionally, I’d like to distinguish the difference between being responsible for an event versus being at fault for an event. Being at fault refers to a past action that resulted in a particular outcome. Being responsible refers to the present choices we make in response to the past actions that we are faced with. While we are not at fault for the majority of what occurs in our lives, we are responsible for the choices we make when dealing with them. This distinction combined with an internal locus of control allows us to actively choose how we want to live our lives, overall making our lives more intentional and meaningful.

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For my interactive experience, I’d like to find a way to get people to fully grasp the concept that they are responsible for their actions. Specifically, I’m thinking of having people play a game of catch, but plant the idea in their mind that they are responsible for what happens to the ball (whether they catch it, attempt to catch it, throw it, kick it, etc). Before trying this artifact, I will do test runs with volunteers to make sure it runs smoothly, though I can’t think of a specific person to consult with about it. Moving forward, I will continue thinking of alternative artifacts and possible people to consult about my project.

“Less Is More: Living Closely on a Finite Planet.” Small Is Necessary: Shared Living on a Shared Planet, by Anitra Nelson, Pluto Press, London, 2018, pp. 3–18. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1zk0mpz.7. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020.

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This source is beneficial to my project because rather than simply discussing minimalism in narrow terms of objects, it describes essentialism: the pursuit of finding what’s more meaningful to each person in their life. It makes the distinction that life isn’t simply about having less or doing less, but being more deliberate about how you choose to spend your time. The source additionally references studies in which people don’t truly feel satisfied in the personal pursuits, which suggests that only a few things are truly valuable in each of our lives (relationships, religion, education) while the rest is just noise.

 

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Metcalf, Bill. “Utopian Struggle: Preconceptions and Realities of Intentional Communities.” RCC Perspectives, no. 8, 2012, pp. 21–30. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26240431. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020.

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This source helps my research since it talks about being mindful of how we spend our days in a technology driven world. Over the past twenty years, people have shifted from connected to hyper-connected. Humans in the past have struggled with an information overload, but now, we have a second problem: an opinion overload within a culture of hustling. This source describes that  when people are bombarded with the lives and opinions of all of their friends and family, they feel inclined to make themselves more busy as to not fall behind. Now that we can hyper-compare ourselves to everyone’s ideal lives (as social media commonly portrays), people have become more busy, not because they have an internal passion or drive to make the world a better place, but because other people around them are busy. 


 

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Daugherty, Lou. “The Art of Saying ‘No.’” American Secondary Education, vol. 9, no. 3, 1979, pp. 46–50. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41063278. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020.

 

This source is useful because it describes living an intentional life through decision making. The most common decision is a yes or no decision -- to do something or not to do something. Saying no to an opportunity is commonly described as being negative, however, this author explains that we truly say no in every action that we take. Because by saying yes to one opportunity, we are choosing to spend our time at that moment not acting on another. While it may seem grim, this idea is intended to help people slow down and think deeply about how they truly want to spend their time. By saying no, they may not actually be closing themselves off to opportunities, but opening the gates to experience something potentially more valuable to them.


 

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Babauta, Leo. "On minimalism." Zen Habits, 8 Feb. 2010, zenhabits.net/

on-minimalism/. Accessed 11 Feb. 2020. 

 

This source is useful because it specifically dives into the idea of minimalism from the author who is responsible for making minimalism a more widespread philosophy. Babauta describes that minimalism is about moving from complexity to simplicity, and to get rid of everything that’s not essential. If something is nonessential, then it is a luxury and a waste. When we get rid of what’s nonessential, we are not giving up the waste, but rather giving space for the essential. However, what minimalism also recognizes is that it is subjective. What is considered “minimalist” to one person may not be for another. This builds on the idea that in order to live a more intentional life, you can’t follow a formula. You must be mindful of what you own, how you act, and how you yourself prioritize your time. 



 

Sherman, Robert R. “STOICISM: THE EDUCATION OF MAN.” Journal of Thought, vol. 8, no. 3, 1973, pp. 215–223. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/42588370. Accessed 14 Feb. 2020.

 

This source is useful because it specifically dives into the idea of stoicism. It describes how stoicism is built on the philosophy of two basic ideas of human nature: humans can survive alone but are inherently social creatures and thrive in groups, and that humans are capable of reason. The best life one can live (in the idea of stoicism) is one where we apply our reason and intelligence to improve social living. To achieve this, there are two pillars of stoicism. The four cardinal virtues (the first pillar) are practical wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance. The second pillar is the dichotomy of control which describes what is within our control and what is not within our control. The philosophy of stoicism ultimately praises the idea that the only thing truly within our control is our mind.

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Internal Subject Matter Expert Plans (DW)

  • How did you first get involved in religious studies?

  • How can both religious and non-religious individuals apply religious philosophies to live more meaningful lives?” 

 

External Subject Matter Expert Plans (Dr. Nancy C. Weisman: an Emory University professor who teaches Intro to Mindfulness, Insight Meditation)

                   

  • What aspects of human lives in 2020 make someone the happiest?

  • How can we positively and dramatically alter our mindsets without completely changing our lives? 

Reflection 02/10/20

          So far in my research on how to live a more intentional, meaningful, and happier life, I have watched the Minimalism

documentary, begun reading The Daily Stoic by Ryan Holiday, and The Subtle Art of Not Giving a Fuck by Mark Manson. To

continue my research, I want to interview/speak internally with DW so that he can introduce me to the various minsets/philosophies religious people use to find meaning. The first question I will ask him is “how did you first get involved in religious studies” and the most important question that I want to ask him is “how can both religious and non-religious individuals apply religious philosophies to live more meaningful lives?” 

          Additionally, I hope to also interview Dr. Nancy C. Weisman: an Emory University professor who teaches Intro to Mindfulness, Insight Meditation. I hope to learn how she teaches mindfulness to others and how she applies her understanding to her own life. The first question I will ask her is “what intrigued you to first learn about mindfulness?” and the most important question that I want to ask her is “how can everyone learn from being more mindful when there isn’t one method that works for everyone?”

          The next questions I want to ask to develop my thinking is “what aspects of human lives in 2020 make someone the happiest?” and “how can we positively and dramatically alter our mindsets without completely changing our lives?” These questions will ultimately help me bring my research together into an applicable context for people to use to change their lives.

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